Past, Present, Future American Indians and Latino Americans

Ethnicity is likely to always play a role in how people interact in this country, how they build their unique sense of identity, how they perceive themselves and the world around them. Ethnic groups will always act differently especially in this country with such a diverse history, and plethora of people of different backgrounds. American Indians are a group that will has an interesting set of challenges because they are a minority in the United States that did not emigrate from another country, but were essentially victims of American Manifest Destiny. American Indians have gone through a lot of hardship in this country and continue to struggle with modern day America as they try to uphold their proud traditions. On the other hand Latinos†¦show more content†¦The relocation forced some nomadic tribes to learn to live in a new environment that they were not used to, very much like many other tribes as they were being introduced into a new way of life that they had not been u sed to. Forced relocation was not the worst of the issues this group of people have, often times â€Å"war† broke out between the Natives and the invading Caucasians (American Indians), and the term â€Å"war† is used loosely as it can generally be considered a genocide the way this group of people was treated. This is a broad and very vague history of what American Indians have had to deal with over the course of American history, and it cannot in any way be a fair explanation to the amount of grief and suffering this group has been exposed to over the years. It is sad to admit that their suffering is not quite over, and in modern American, what is left of the proud culture is threatened as many of the traditions and customs become antiquated. Icons and traditional symbols become nothing more that exotic, trendy images to be printed on items for modern day’s hip youth. Contemporary America is vastly different from the way life would be handled, varying from tri bal affiliation to tribal affiliation. There is definitely an â€Å"us versus them† kind of mentality when it comes to the large amount of natives that are yet to be assimilated, that still celebrate their heritage and enjoy a moreShow MoreRelated History of Latino/a Immigration to the U.S. Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesEleanor Roosevelt said, â€Å"the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.† That statement holds strong for immigrants in America. Equal access to opportunities allows immigrants to achieve the American dream. Their success correlates with America’s success because of the contributions immigrants provide to America. Unfortunately, the current immigration policy in America denies many immigrants the American dream. It is crucial to understand the historical context of immigrationRead MoreBSHS 345 Week 4 Annotated Bibliography1433 Words   |  6 Pagesrelates to African Americans seeking mental health treatment at lowe r rates than whites. The article states that this disparity can be attributed to attitudes toward services, alternate coping, and differences in care. This article also illuminates biases in counseling. Snowden, Lonnie R, Barriers to Effective Mental Health Services for African Americans, Vol. 3, Issue 4, 181-187 (Dec. 2001). Social Services and Welfare, Psychology This article states that many African Americans do not seek properRead MoreWhat Does Mestizaje Play? Latin America And The United States? Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthis cultural blend in a negative connotation no one can deny the influences to society in the past and the present that has taken place, and what is its importance in Latin America and in the United States. To fully understand the term, one must first pay attention to three central ideas. To start off you must first simply define the word mestizaje, and understand how mestizaje plays a role in Latin American societies by blending and dividing cultures. By defining this principal one may then illustrateRead MoreThe Giger And Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model1148 Words   |  5 Pagespatients that are culturally diverse. This paper will employ the six cultural phenomena defined by TAM to assist in identifying cultural attributes of Mexican Americans that should be considered by nurses in assessment and care. Demographic overview of Mexico, 2009 -2011: (Giger, 2014) o Most Mexicans are mestizos (of mixed Spanish and Indian heritage.) o In 1983-1984 Mexico experienced a severe financial crisis accelerating immigration to the US. o The Mexican economy is influenced by drug traffickingRead MoreImprovements In Traditions : Camp Tahquitz1613 Words   |  7 Pagestradition in an organization is ideals and beliefs from past generations which are sometimes presumed outdated (Finnegan, 1991, p.105). Nonetheless, traditions are the main component in youth summer camps, such as Camp Tahquitz. Hence, Camp Tahquitz will regain its reputation as the best when the offerings go beyond â€Å"playing Indian† and there is an incorporation of traditions from varied cultures while remaining true to its most valued traditions of Indian Lore and its staff. Components of Tradition In anRead MoreEssay Culture Health Beliefs1609 Words   |  7 Pagesspace, or other symbols. (pg 20)† Americans express their feelings with verbal expressions and use little to none nonverbal compared to other cultures and have a low-touch culture. Sixty-five percent of the message received in communication is nonverbal, which is touch, gestures and facial expressions. Touch is important to Mexican Americans and Indians because they use it as a healing process to get rid of the evil that is in the body of an ill one. Native Americans value silence and when put in aRead MoreAsian And Latino Persons Are Still Treated As Racial Outsiders2385 Words   |  10 PagesNgai stated that Asian and Latino persons are still treated as racial outsiders within the United States, she is referring to the America’s treatment of these minority groups throughout history and today. For instance, the labor of both groups of immigrants have continually exploited as they sought the rumored o pportunity of our â€Å"nation of immigrants.† Historical examples would include the Asian population that played a key role in the Central Pacific Railroad and the Latino population that continuesRead MoreMigrant Workers and Xenophobia1425 Words   |  6 Pagesdo but the natives view them as competitors. For instance, most successful immigrant groups are Somalis. The reason for the success of the Somalis is their entrepreneurial skills as well as their strong intra-ethnic ties that resemble those of the Indians. Each slum has an isolated â€Å"Somali neighborhood† where most Somali refugees live and work (Abdi, para. 7). Nonetheless, most Somali refugees and immigrants face insecurity from the local vigilante groups and gangs because they view them as aliensRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Ron Clark 986 Words   |  4 Pagesto past the stander test with excellence. Critique of the Movie: The Harlem Elementary School is considered one of the urban schools in New York for the following reasons: It has a diversity of student, its Students are segregated by their potential, most of its students are from low income family, students have low achievement scores and spend less time in doing their homeworks, and its students have negative behaviors. First, Students were a mixture of African American, Indian and Latino. ThisRead MoreSocial Issues Class And Gender1307 Words   |  6 Pagesinevitably leading to a less accurate count. Latinos, who make up close to 20 percent of the American population, generally hold a fundamentally different view of race. Many Latinos say they are too racially mixed to settle on one of the government-sanctioned standard races – white, black, American Indian, Alaska native, native Hawaiian, and a collection of Asian and Pacific Island backgrounds.† As I was reading this, it boggled my mind that people thought that Latinos should be required to choose from a

Do You Know What I Mean Essay - 1468 Words

Do You Know What I Mean? Anyone familiar with music magazines will notice a common method used by most music critics: comparing artists to one or more of their peers. In most cases this method is critical to the review, especially if the readers have never heard the artist being reviewed. It gives them a point of reference, and if they like the artists being compared, they might buy the album. Such comparisons can work for or against an artist, but for one band in particular it has been incorporated into almost everything ever written about them. Oasis were in the hands of the media right from the beginning. In a review of their first album, Definitely Maybe, Stuart Maconie referred to them as â€Å"manna from heaven in a slow newspaper†¦show more content†¦Liam even claimed to be the reincarnated soul of John Lennon, though his brother often pointed out its chronological impossibility. Though some of these facts seem important when music was concerned, they took a back seat in the tabloids to stories of alcohol and drug use, egotism, bad-mannered interviews, general rudeness, and various scuffs with the law, which include investigations of assault on a female member of the British Airways staff by Liam earlier this year (â€Å"In Brief† 14). Previous charges had been brought against him involving violence toward overzealous members of the press. All members of the band were infamous for their offensive language and penchants for endless partying. Noel verbally attacked anyone considered by him to be an enemy, including members of the media, the royal family, and other bands. Concerning the band’s live shows, Steven Mirkin stated, â€Å"The groups concerts used to be like NHL hockey. People claimed they went because they admired the grace and precision of the playing, but were really hoping a fight would break out (26).† Perhaps the media took o ffence at a band that seemed so unaffected by their power to give them any kind of press they wanted, which in this case was mostly seen as negative. This could have been their reason for playing up what they thought were Oasis’ musical flaws, causing the formation of two clearly apposing sides on the issue of Oasis. AShow MoreRelatedReview Of Horror Movies And The House Of My Best Friend 1525 Words   |  7 PagesMorgan’s reaction when I mentioned that we would be discussing horror movies, it was clear that she wasn’t the biggest fan of these films with her simple statement of â€Å"Horror movies? Hate them.† I was very curious to get a better understanding on why fiction films would disgust her so much when they clearly weren’t real. 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Horror movies can be not only fun, but some experts have even argued that they are harmless or even good forRead MoreAlbanian Pride864 Words   |  4 PagesBecause of you I am me And because of you I am Albanian Albanian is what I am It keeps me going And because of you A piece of me is apart you I am willing to die To see you fly The two headed eagle is in my heart The shqiponja is what I see And for you ill keep my head up high And for you I will die I’m proud to be Albanian Reflection 1 I chose to write about this because this is apart me who I am. And I love the fact that I am Albanian it means a lot to me. It mean a lot becauseRead MoreThe End Of My Life1082 Words   |  5 Pagestheir deathbed, Gee, I wish I d spent more time at the office. At their moment of reckoning, the top regrets that people share are about wishing they lived the life they d really wanted to live, wishing they hadn t worked so hard, wishing they d had the courage to express their true feelings, wishing they d had deeper connections with people and wishing they d let themselves be happier. I don t want to have those regrets at the end of my life. And I m pretty sure that you don t either. YetRead MoreDescriptive Essay About My Friends1673 Words   |  7 PagesDo not make any type of joke that at all could sound wrong. I m willing to bet the people around you are dirty minded. You that one friend that can turn the phrase, I  found a long stick! into an... interesting phrase? Yeah, that one.   ~Luna~ On Monday I say,  Ã‚  Mondays are Boring.  Ã‚  Today, I say, Tuesdays are boring.   None of my friends gave me a second glance as I sat down. I looked around the table. Arianna isn t  here. Thank goodness. I sigh in relief. The annoying little brat. She sRead MoreThe Day I Dreaded is Here1666 Words   |  7 Pagestraitorous day ive been dreading for almost a week now. I sighed as I hit the alarm clock on the night stand next to my bed. I rubbed my eyes and opened them slightly to see that Emma had set out my school uniform for me. It looked a little small but I could careless, I just wanted to get this day over with. I slowly swung my legs over to the side of the bed before getting up. I grabbed my phone and headed to the bathroom to get ready. Yes I did just say my phone. Honestly a lot has gone on this pastRead MoreMy Best Friend Sees Me Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagessculpture in the middle of campus. No one knows what it really means. It is just a table with lines and points, it doesn’t have a scripture explaining the meaning of it. It’s just there Quiet. Silent. Watching. If I saw this in any other place, I would say a five-year-old made it, but it is art. 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Marin Alsop knows the power of holding up oneRead MoreMy Beloved Shelbie By Jane Austen1737 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst, I wanted to write you a love letter describing how I feel about you, and what you mean to me, but I believe it is better if in addition to describing my feelings that I clear up all our miscommunications as best I can. Please understand that we see some things differently, an example being when you felt that I expected something out of you that was likely my fault for not doing my best to communicate my feelings but I never want you to feel like I demand something from you or that you owe meRead MoreI Am Writing The Entire Thing1553 Words   |  7 PagesI’m writing you this lett er and I want you to read the entire thing. I figured that I should write this instead of tell you because I’d probably forget things if I was talking and we would probably end up arguing. I feel like lately all of our conversations are very aggressive and not actually conversations. 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Foundations of Australia Taxation Law

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Australia Taxation Law. Answer: Introduction The report is based on the case study for assessing the residential status for the purpose of the tax. The case study is based on the Taxation law of Australia, which will help in getting clear and advance knowledge in respect of Australia taxation with the applicability of law in practical issue. The report mainly concentrates on the specific area of the federal taxation system, income tax, fringe benefit, etc., The report contains the detailed explanation of the law, acts, and policies coming under Australian Taxation. The case is related with Stephanie Rogan, her husband Ronald and Rogan Advertising in which both of them are an employee. The assessment will be done by looking to relevant law and rules related to taxation ruling and residency test of the Australia. During the residency test, four of the major test has been taken into consideration. Residency Status The Residency Status and measurable income of taxpayer of Australia are stated under section "6 5(2)" and "6 10(4)" of "ITA Act 1997". These sections will provide rules and regulations for the assessment of statutory income which will be received from any source of income. So, it is very necessary for determining the residential status of a person as well as company for paying tax, prior for calculating income (Austlii.edu.au.2016). The section 6 ITA Act 1936 is applicable for an individual. It states the individual is said to be a permanent resident of Australia if he is living in Australia for six months or more of income year or a participant in the Superannuation Fund. Under this section, there is four test of residency, i.e., ordinary concepts, permanent place of Adobe test, superannuation fund test and 183 day test. "Para 19 under IT 2650" defines that an individual was leaving the Australia for a temporary time will be considered as resident in Australia, the as per the ordinary test an individual will be taken as resident of Australia for assessing the tax. "Para 21 under IT 2650" defines that an individual leaving the Australia for temporary time will be taken as domicile, unless and until he is settled as a taxpayer by the another domicile. In the given case both Stephanie and Ronald are resident Australia for computing tax which is applicable on the under the given rules, i.e., under "Section 6 ITA Act 1936" and "IT Ruling no. 2650" (Law.ato.gov.au.2016). The "section 6 ITA Act 1936" is also applicable in the case of Australia. It is defined as company will be taken as resident company only if it has origination in Australia or carry out its operation or the enterprise is controlled or the shareholder of the company is situated in Australia. In the above case study Rogan Advertising is fulfilling all the criteria, so it is considered as resident company for assessing the tax. Stephanies Measurable income The statutory income will be coming under section 6 5 of ITA Act 1997. It is defined as income got as per ordinary concept and using it as ordinary income. The income which is under measurable income, whereas it is not an ordinary income can be referred to statutory income is coming under section 6 10 ITA Act 1997. The ordinary income will be coming under section 6 5 of ITA Act 1997 like income arise from personal use, income from operations of business, income arise from property and from schemes of profit making (Ato.gov.au.2016). Taxation Ruling 2001/8 explains that personal service of business will be applicable only to those person whose ordinary and statutory income are only achieved through personal skill and individual effort. Rogan Advertising is running its business only through personal skill and individual effort so it will be coming under personal service business. Rewards and payments received which will be incidental to employment will be coming under service of pe rsonal business. In the given case study Rogan Advertising is giving salary of $ 80000 to Stephanie this salary is coming under personal exertion so it will be included as measurable income. Ordinary income is the profit which is earned from the business. Measurable income of resident who is the shareholder of a company will have given the dividend from the income of company comes under Section 44 ITA Act 1936. Under Section 6 ITA Act 1936, if a company receives dividends will be considered as passive income and will be considered as measurable income. Income from property is said to be rent and will be considered as ordinary income so it is taxable under section 6 ITA Act 1936 (Legislation.gov.au.2016). The rent will be equally distributed because it is jointly owned and income will be taxable. Income received from personal service income will be considered as primary because the income is received from personal skill and effort of the person paying tax is coming under section 84 5 of ITA Act 1997. On the given case, Stephanie is receiving income by giving lecture to the student of Monash University, which is coming under personal service so it will be considered as measurable income (Austlii.edu.au.2016). Ronalds Measurable income Under section 6 5 ITA Act 1997 says that income achieved from personal exertion will be considered as ordinary income. Income got from personal exertion will be coming under income achieved about employment. In the above case study, Ronald is employed in Rogan Advertising and getting salary of $ 80000 this salary in coming under personal exertion and it will be coming under measurable income of the person paying tax. Income from rent is an ordinary income, that to if the property is jointly owned then the income will be distributed proportionately among the taxpayer. In the above given case, the property is jointly owned by the Ronald and Stephanie, even it was leased on rent, so income received from that source will be coming under measurable income of Ronald (Legislation.gov.au.2016). Rogan advertisings Measurable income Income which is received by company is almost under the head of measurable income. The income which is subject to tax is called as measurable income. Measurable income of company will be included in Ordinary course for operating business like selling of the trading stocks and giving services. The proceeds from the earning and excluding the profit of the business are coming under the measurable income of the company. Measurable income of company does not include income from hobby, prizes and gifts which is not related to the business. The amount which will be coming under measurable income of the company is decided on the accounting method is to be followed by business. Basically, there are two accounting method, first is cash basis and actual basis. The exact process for measuring income according to Taxation rule is earning method. Deduction can be claimed on the expense of the business only when the expense is used for running the business and earning it. Taxation Rule - 97/7 defin es the incurred term. The incurred term is not defined under general of Para 6 of Taxation Rule 97/7 when expense will incur. The general rule will be only applicable if taxpayer will be required to pay and also has not yet paid in the present year but he is presently under the liability of tax. If operating expense have actually incurred it can be claimed as deduction in the present year. So these expense will be included in wages, salary etc. Expense which has capital nature will be claimed over a time period. The cost which is relation to asset and has life for more than a year, in that case total cost will not be treated as current year purchased rather depreciation is calculated. In the above given case study Rogan Advertising is giving advertising services and fees received through this will be coming under measurable income. Received fees from the company are not mentioned in the given case study so accurate measurable income cannot be determined. The expenses related to sala ry are. For measuring the income, the salary related with expense will be get deduction so it will not be included while assessing the income. Operating expenses are also subject to deduction, but in the case study amount for that income is not given, so accurate deduction amount cannot be determined (Austlii.edu.au.2016). Conclusion On the basis of analysis, it can be said that the salary which is received by Stephanie and Ronald from the Rogan Advertising will be taken into consideration which is $ 80,000 for both of them. Then in case of Rogan Advertising the amount of salary will be treated as expense. Even the dividend received will be coming under assessable income as well as there are no franking credits are available. Similarly, the fees received as salary from Monash University will be considered as personal service income and will be coming under measurable income. Finally, to conclude the above given case study it can be said that Australian Taxation is one of the complex method for assessing the income as well as resident status. Reference and Bibliography Ato.gov.au. (2016).Home page | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Residency tests | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/International-tax-for-individuals/Work-out-your-tax-residency/Residency-tests/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2016).Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII). [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Australian Public Service Commission, 2013. Capability review: Australian Taxation Office.Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Barrett, J., 2012. Democratic discourse, taxation and hypothecation.J. Austl. Tax'n,14, p.89. Greenville, J., Pobke, C. and Rogers, N., 2013.Trends in the Distribution of Income in Australia. Melbourne: Productivity Commission Law.ato.gov.au. (2016).IT 2650 - Income tax: residency - permanent place of abode outside Australia (As at 8 August 1991). [online] Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=ITR/IT2650/NAT/ATO/00001 [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Legislation.gov.au. (2016).Federal Register of Legislation - Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C2004A05138 [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Sawyer, A., 2013. Rewriting Tax Legislation-Can Polishing Silver Really Turn It into Gold.J. Austl. Tax'n,15, p.1. Smith, J.E., Raabe, W.A., Maloney, D.M. and Young, J.C., 2014.South-Western Federal Taxation 2015: Essentials of Taxation: Individuals and Business Entities. Cengage Learning Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

Valentine and I Wouldnt Thank You for a Valentine Essay Example For Students

Valentine and I Wouldnt Thank You for a Valentine Essay Red roses. Chocolates. Paper hearts. All of these things are usually linked to Valentines Day, and love in general. Metaphysical poets used to compare their love to such things, in order to charm women. It was known as using a conceit, often used in a very insincere way. The Metaphysicals intentions were not always honourable and were often exaggerated, and often used hyperboles by using conceits. The poems I am comparing do not show the good side of love, nor were they written in order to charm anybody. These poems mock Valentines Day, and in Duffys case, love in general. Both poets are against Valentines Day, but Duffy seems to be more extreme in her hatred towards love. Both poems have similarities as well as differences. Both poets are female, which is unconventional because love poems are often written by male admirers to woo or compliment a female. Both poets are Scottish 20th Century feminists. Both of the poems are deliberately unconventional, in form as well as content, to break away from the traditional view of a love poem that has been created by Valentines Day. We will write a custom essay on Valentine and I Wouldnt Thank You for a Valentine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When we consider Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy we notice is that its not set out in a regular style of a traditional love poem that somebody like Shakespeare would have written. Duffys poem uses a free verse style which reflects her personality. Duffy herself is a feminist who views herself as a woman living in a male-dominated world and in a blatant act of defiance she refuses to follow the trends that have been set by traditional poetry, in an effort not to be viewed as just another twentieth century poet. As I mentioned earlier, it seems that Duffy herself is set against love. Upon doing further research into Carol Ann Duffys personal life, I have discovered that while she was born in Glasgow, she moved to Staffordshire when she was four years old. This information tells us why Duffys Scottish heritage doesnt really show through in her poetry, its because she moved away at such a young age, and its quite unlikely that she grasped some of the traditions that the Scottish tend to have. Also, her profound dislike of men, and conversion to feminism may have begun at the age of sixteen, when she embarked on an affair with thirty-nine year old poet, Adrian Henri. He repeatedly cheated on her, and merely used his gift of poetry to make things up to her. Duffy has a twelve year old daughter named Ella, who is the product of an affair with writer Peter Benson in 1995. Duffy wrote Valentine in 1992, so she still had strong feminist views before this affair. Duffy broke up in 2004 with her long-time lesbian partner and fellow poet Jackie Kay. Duffy has stated herself that, Im not a lesbian poet, whatever that is. If I am a lesbian icon and a role model, thats great, but if it is a word that is used to reduce me, then you have to ask why someone would want to reduce me? I never think about it. I dont care about it. I define myself as a poet and as a mother thats all. The voice in this poem appears to be a couple on Valentines Day, with the female doing the speaking. A lot of the tone throughout the poem is blunt and hard-hitting, things you wouldnt expect in a love poem like words such as lethal, knife and fierce. From top to bottom, the poem is unconventional. The stanza, structure, rhyme and rhythm are all irregular. Interestingly, the poem looks as though it could be split into two halves. Duffy uses literary devices throughout the poems, such as metaphors, emphasis, oxymorons etc. These literary devices have a profound effect on the poem, displaying love in a negative light. But one of the main features of the poem is the conceit that Duffy uses. I touched on this earlier, when I mentioned that Metaphysical poets used conceits to display affection towards women, mainly in order to charm them. Duffy uses a conceit in this poem, but in a completely different fashion. Duffy compares her love to an onion. Throughout the entire poem, she backs her case, comparing the onion to a moon wrapped in brown paper etc. While that quote may been seen as odd or in some cases, romantic in a very unique way but mainly, they seem to be positive. Duffy also uses some comparisons that are very shocking to see in a love poem. Very negative things like its fierce kiss will stay on your lips and it will blind you with tears. The conceit is used overall to subvert the tradition of love. In doing this, Duffy is not only showing the flaws she sees in Valentines Day, she also seems to be wanting to modernise the symbols that we use for love, the tradition that Valentines Day seems to have created. The very same tradition that Carol Ann Duffy is against and she displays it in this poem. The opening line reads Not a red rose or a satin heart. From the very beginning of the poem, it starts out negatively, using the word not. This negativity is then carried throughout the poem. Red roses and satin hearts are traditional symbols of love that may be given to one another at Valentines Day, or as romantic gifts. However, Duffy seems to be mocking these values that most people have of love and implying that they have no true meaning, or likeness to what love is about in her mind. As the old expression goes, Beauty is only skin deep. The following line says, I give you an onion. This line has a very blunt, truthful tone to it. It confirms her honest approach, and that shes being deadly serious about giving her partner an onion. The next three lines say It is a moon wrapped in brown paper. It promises light like the careful undressing of love. Duffy is explaining how an onion works as a love gift. The brown skin is the wrapping paper of the gift, the onion. She then compares her gift to the moon, and the white skin of the onion represents light. Moonlight often provides a romantic setting, so Duffy could have been using this metaphor to represent love. Duffy uses this metaphor in a way that says love isnt always what you expect when you take away the outside layers, and get to know the persons personality a little better, once you peel away the layers. This metaphor questions what love itself is all about. Questions whether or not love really will give you happiness. Duffy is using the onion as a symbol of her love, representing the tougher side of love, the truth about love. Therefore, this poem isnt about Valentines Day. This poem takes a deep look at love. It looks at what love is made up of. The next stanza reads, Here. It will blind you with tears like a lover. .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb , .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .postImageUrl , .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb , .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb:hover , .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb:visited , .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb:active { border:0!important; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb:active , .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93856439605aaca6c16fa450fab706cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Brief On Paul Czanne EssayIt will make your reflection a wobbling photo of grief. Duffy is using imagery here, with her handing the onion over to her significant other and saying Here as an imperative command. When we peel onions, our eyes tend to water, with the scent that the onion gives out. In the same way, in a relationship, tears tend to be shed and grief is given when pain is caused by a loved one. Duffy is using emotive language to drive her point across. The next two stanzas are unusual because they are both single line stanzas. It is here, after the third stanza that the poem could be split into two. The first of these single lined stanzas read I am trying to be truthful. By using a one lined stanza, Duffy uses emphasis. She also states the purpose of her unusual gift. The second single lined stanza reads, Not a cute card or a kissogram. As we saw earlier, Duffy rejects the traditional gifts commonly given on Valentines Day. She doesnt approve of commercial tokens of love and once again we see emphasis being used from the first line in the poem. The sixth stanza reads, I give you an onion. Its fierce kiss will stay on your lips, possessive and faithful as we are, for as long as we are. I give you an onion is repeated from the first line for even further emphasis. It also seems to me that it sounds like I give you this ring which is commonly used at weddings, the highest form of love you can possibly show to another person. Duffy uses words like faithful and for as long as we are to refer to the length of time their relationship will last. Fierce kiss is used as an oxymoron, and fierce is a word you wouldnt usually associate with love poems. Will stay on your lips is a very good line because it symbolizes that when a relationship ends, bitter feelings remain. The comparison with an onion works well. After eating an onion, the taste remains in your mouth. And a kiss can remain in a persons mind forever. The final stanza goes Take it. Its platinum loops shrink to a wedding ring, if you like. Lethal. Its scent will cling to your fingers, cling to your knife. Duffy is now demanding that her partner take the gift, Take it. She then compares the onion to a wedding ring, as the loops shrink to the size of the wedding ring, although she quickly adds, if you like. It also suggests that marriage constricts you, as a finger would probably not fit into one of the tiny onion loops. Finally, its unconventional because usually its the man asking the woman to get married, not the other way round and especially in such a peculiar manner. The gentle picture of peeling the onion layers away has been distorted into a much more brutal image of cutting the onion up with a knife. Sometimes people never truly recover from a failed relationship or marriage and theyll continue to feel heartache and bitterness. Thats why its so effective when Duffy says, Its scent will cling to your fingers, cling to your knife. When we look at I Wouldnt Thank You For A Valentine by Liz Lochhead, we see some similarities and differences. Liz Lochhead was also born in Scotland in 1947. She is a well-known Scottish poet, dramatist and performance artist. She began as a teacher in fine art, but became a full time writer in the 70s. While both poets were born in Scotland, its only Lochheads Scottish heritage that shows through in the poem when she uses terms like Same Auld Story and canny be bothered. One of the most important points to remember when comparing these two poems is that unlike Duffy, Lochhead is not against love, she is merely against the artificial aspect of love that Valentines Day has created. Lochhead feels that love has almost been destroyed in the way that people view it, when it seems that they have to buy their partners love with gifts and surprises. As a feminist, Lochhead feels that love shouldnt be used as a profit for a company. The poem itself is set out as a rap, which is immediately peculiar. Not only is it highly unconventional in such a way because love poems are not usually ever written in the form of a rap. But also, it allows Lochhead to bluntly say what she wants, in a way that suits her. In modern day rap music, there is little or no censorship on what some artists will say. Some love poems did have a musical quality to them and could be songs, but that was never done on purpose. So, in the modern era, Lochhead decided to take a modern genre music, but not one that would be associated with love like a ballad, she instead chooses a rap. The first line, like Duffys starts out negative in saying I wouldnt thank you for a Valentine. In fact, not only does it set the negative standard in which the rest of the poem lives up to, it also sounds quite rude and insulting to her partner who had probably gone out and bought her a loving gift, only to find rejection on Lochheads face. The next line emphasises her ungratefulness when it says, I wont wake up wondering if the postmans been. Lochhead then writes, Should 10 red-padded satin hearts arrive with a sticky sickly saccharine. She uses alliteration here, but not just regular alliteration. Lochhead uses an s sound that is usually sounds like a hiss coming from a snake. But one can imagine Lochhead screwing her nose up as she looks at the flowers. Saccharine was an artificial sweetener, which is used to describe the flowers as being fake, and commercial. The next line says, Sentiments in very vulgar verses I wouldnt wonder if you meant them. Lochhead again uses alliteration, but her character is almost in a rage in a sense with her partner who had gone to all this trouble, but shed rather if he hadnt bothered at all. Her no nonsense approach continues in the next line when she begins condescending her partner by asking him, Two dozen anonymous Interflora roses? Her Scottish heritage shows through here when she says, Id not bother to swither over who sent them! . This essentially means that shes not willing to go into a state of excitement over such a trivial gift. .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 , .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .postImageUrl , .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 , .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032:hover , .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032:visited , .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032:active { border:0!important; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032:active , .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032 .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc0b05a7bb21e3329f6ad2f839458032:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis EssayLochhead uses a refrain, for emphasis when she repeats the first line to end the first stanza, I wouldnt thank you for a Valentine. The second stanza begins, Scrawl SWALK across the envelope. Scrawl suggests untidy, or careless. Lochhead uses SWALK, which is an abbreviation for Sealed With A Loving Kiss. The envelope clearly has a love card, or letter inside from her partner. However, Lochhead scoffs and says, Id just say Same Auld Story, I canny be bothered deciphering it. Im up to here with Amore! The whole Valentines Day thing is trivial and commercial. A cue for unleashing clichi and candy heart motifs to which I personally am not partial' Her Scot tish vernacular shines through yet again. Unlike Duffy, Lochhead decides to enter some humour into her poems, and uses a more light-hearted approach. Im up to here with Amore! proves that point as Amore is Italian (known to be a city of love and romance) for love. She uses the term commercial which is how Lochhead genuinely views Valentines Day, as an excuse to buy meaningless gifts, to benefit companies. Take more than singing Telegrams, or pints of Chanel Five, or sweets, to get me ordering oysters or ironing my black satin sheets. Lochhead begins to name companies, in particular Chanel Five which is a brand of perfume, and a very common gift on Valentines Day. However, Chanel Five perfume often comes in very small quantities, so when Lochhead says pints of Chanel Five, its odd because even though that would surely be enough perfume to do her for the rest of her living life, she still is uncaring at the gesture. When Lochhead says to get me ordering oysters its probably because oysters are often seen as an aphrodisiac. The last line declares that her love cant be bought and it will take more than a few gifts to sweep her off her feet. The final line in the stanza is yet another refrain, I wouldnt thank you for a valentine. Lochhead continues, If you sent me a solitaire and promises solemn. This is a clear reference to marriage, which may not be something that Lochhead wants. Took out an ad in the Guardian Personal Column saying something very soppy such as Who loves ya Poo? Ill tell you, I do, Fozzy Bear, thats who! is a humorous oxymoron, because the Guardian is an intellectual broadsheet, one that wouldnt include Personal Columns. However, Lochhead has included it anyway, which is amusing, and keeps the light-hearted aura around the poem. The Fozzy Bear/Poo reference is an attempt at Lochhead to say that love should be deeper than that, and the words I love you should be used when only when you really mean it. In her mind, I love you has lost next to all meaning, and has been completely demeaned. Youd entirely fail to charm me, in fact Id detest it, I wouldnt be eighteen again for anything, Im glad Im past it. The level of negativity is kept when Lochhead says Id detest it. Not dislike, but sheer detest. Lochhead uses a very strong word, and a blunt tone to get her point across. Lochhead refers to her younger days which begs the reader to ask if things like that worked on her when she was eighteen. Perhaps she was talking about something that had happened to her. At the very end of the third stanza, Lochhead repeats, I wouldnt thank you for Valentine. The final stanza begins with Lochhead listing off more items that would fail to do the job, If you sent me a single orchid, or a pair of Janet Regers in a heart shaped box and declared your Love Eternal, Id say Id not be caught dead in them they were politically suspect and Id rather something thermal. Lochhead refers to Janet Regers, which is a very expensive brand of lingerie. Lochhead questions whether this gift is really for her, or has her partner bought it for his own enjoyment? Lochhead, as a feminist, gets to the point and refuses outright to wear it ever, and would rather have something thermal, which isnt attractive at all. Lochhead ends the stanza by saying, If you hired a plane and blazed our love in a banner across the skies; if you bought me something flimsy in a flatteringly wrong size; if you sent me a postcard with three Xs and told me how you felt I wouldnt thank you, Id melt. Lochhead talks about blazing our love in a banner across the skies which is something you would see in a Hollywood blockbuster, not something that would usually happen in real life. Lochhead uses alliteration when she says something flimsy in a flatteringly wrong size and criticizes her partner for purposely buying something too small, in a pitiful attempt to buy her affections and love. At the very climax, Lochhead says I wouldnt thank you which is a refrain from the end of the previous three stanzas but instead of saying for a Valentine she says, Id melt. What the reader has to understand is that Lochhead is not saying she melt with love, shes saying shed melt with embarrassment. When it comes to love, I feel that neither poet is right. Duffy has clearly been hurt in the past and is either given up on love totally, or is living in fear of rejection. I support Lochhead when she says that Valentines Day is a commercial attempt to dig deeper in our wallets, but I doubt that if somebody gave me a gift for Valentines Day, that I would send it back in their faces. Love is a difficult subject, especially for me to criticize, when it doesnt carry any of the heavier responsibilities for me yet, like marriage, children or finance. However, I feel that love should be embraced, and not criticized. Both poems put down the image of love that the modern public perceives. But in my mind at least, I can just say that if it makes them happy, then I have absolutely nothing against it.

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These code sets can include: the American Medical Association’s Current Procedural Terminology (â€Å"CPT†) codes; Evaluation and Management (â€Å"EM†) codes; Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (â€Å"HCPCS†) codes; and International Classification of Disease (â€Å"ICD-9†) codes. Government health care programs assign a dollar amount it will pay for each procedure code. Up coding occurs when a health care provider submits of a claim for health care services, treatments, diagnostic tests or items that represent a more serious and more expensive procedure than that which actually was performed. Up coding can be a violation of the Federal False Claims Act. Bundling and Unbundling: In many cases, government health care programs have special reimbursement rates for groups of procedures that are typically performed together, such as laboratory tests. One common type of fraud has been to â€Å"unbundle† these procedures or tests and bill each one separately, which results in greater reimbursement than the group reimbursement rate. Attorneys in the national qui tam whistleblower practice of Pietragallo Gordon Alfano Bosick Raspanti successfully represented the lead relator in one of the largest cases of â€Å"unbundling† in the history of false claims litigation, United States ex rel. Merena v. Smithkline Beecham Clinical Labs, which resulted in a recovery of $328 million for federal taxpayers. False Certification: When physicians, hospitals and other health care providers submit bills to government health care programs they are required to include a number of important certifications, including that the services were medically necessary, were actually performed, and were performed in accordance with all applicable rules and regulations. Additionally, health care companies such as pharmaceutical companies and pharmacy benefits managers that provide products or services to government  health care programs are required to certify that they are satisfying all obligations under their contracts with the government. One common type of fraud has been to falsify these certifications in order to get a health care claim paid or to obtain additional business† (Raspanti, n.d.). Stanton (2001) acknowledges that in a healthcare facility, with Medicare, each false claim is considered an individual billing whether for a specific medical item or service. Penalties can rise quickly with suspension or delay payment of future claims for a facility if it has been accused of submitting false claims (Stanton, 2001). Devise a procedure for admission into a health care facility that upholds the law about the required number of Medicare and Medicaid referrals. In order to avoid health care qui tam, healthcare organizations must stay abreast and compliant with Medicare and Medicaid laws. When a patient enters a facility for illness or an appointment, there are steps to follow. At check-in, the patient gives insurance card and pertinent information to nurse. The nurse enters the information into the system. The patient waits for the doctor to assess the illness to determine the needs of the patient. â€Å"Physician inputs information into the system and system codes the treatment based on Medicare or Medicaid protocols; system confirms and red flags any treatment or medication that is not allowed; patient is discharged and Medicare or Medicaid is billed for services rendered by the hospital, physician, and for medication† (Burnaby, Hass, O’Reilly, 2011). If for some reason, items billed are questioned or denied, the items are reviewed and resubmitted to Medicare or Medicaid for payment. Recommend a corporate integrity program that will mitigate incidents of fraud and assess how the recommendation will impact issues of reproduction and birth. Corporate Integrity Agreements (CIAs) are considered second chances for healthcare organizations. By using CIAs, the organization avoids exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid, or other Federal healthcare programs by establishing and implementing a compliance program per CIA regulations and guidelines (MetricStream, n.d.). Implementing CIAs is challenging and can cause financial strain; however it can â€Å"protect stakeholders and customers from risk, and build brand value† (MetricStream, n.d.) CIAs are implemented  for healthcare organizations to uphold certain standards and to fulfill the organizations’ missions and goals. CIAs are usually proposed due to allegations of fraud or abuse which are found to be true through audits or self-disclosures; and are drawn up for a period of three to five years and can extend up to eight years (MetricStream, n.d.). Ramsey (2002) suggests that a recommended integrity program should include stipulations such as â€Å"designation of a compliance officer and a compliance committee† – to ensure that the needed changes will be made; â€Å"a required code of conduct, mandated compliance policies and procedures† – stating that the organization is committed to complying with the laws; â€Å"training requirements† – to ensure that staff and physicians are knowledgeable and up-to-date on all requirements and processes required by the organization, the government and vendors; â€Å"review and auditing procedures† – to help reduce errors when reporting claims; and a â€Å"confidential disclosure program where employees internally may report possible violations of the law† . Once a CIA is implemented, to deter employees from committing fraud, a stern disciplinary action process should be enforced and followed. Devise a plan to protect patient information that complies with all necessary laws. Protecting patient information is a responsibility of all healthcare organizations and a plan or process must be in place to do so. In any situation, whether in an office, clinic, or in the field, there are important procedures that can be followed to protect a patient’s information and confidentiality (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). As a health care worker, you must â€Å"confirm the patient’s identity at first encounter, never discuss the patient’s case with anyone without the patient’s permission, never leave hard copies of forms or records where unauthorized persons may access them, and use only secure routes to send patient information and always mark confidential† (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). When in healthcare settings â€Å"conduct patient interviews in private rooms, never discuss cases or use patient’s names in public area, and always obtain patient’s permission before distributing his/her information to a staff member or healthcare worker† (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Always keep medical records and  computers used in a locked or secure box to prohibit unauthorized persons access. Creation and implementation of a protection and privacy plan can reduce legal actions under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Qui Tam cases impact healthcare organizations in various ways to include high penalties if found guilty, payback of monies received, and a negative image for the organization. Medicare and Medicaid fraud cases are the most common qui tam cases. In order to reduce fraud and abuse cases, healthcare organizations must improve their current admission procedure, their corporate integrity program, and their patient information protection system. Reference: Burnaby, P., Hass, S., O’Reilly, A. (2011). Generic health care hospital: The road to an integrated risk management system. Issues in Accounting Education, 26(2), 305-319. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Measures to protect patient confidentiality. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tb/education/ssmodules/module7/ss7reading4.htm Cruise, P. L. (2003). Deregulating health care ethics education: A curriculum proposal. Global Virtue Ethics Review, 4(3-4). MetricStream. (n.d.). Corporate integrity agreements. Retrieved from http://www.metricstream.com/solution_briefs/corporate-integrity-agreements.htm Ramsey, R. B. (2002). Corporate integrity agreements: Making the best of a tough situation. Healthcare Financial Management, 56(3), 58-62. Raspanti, M. S. (n.d.). Health care fraud and false claims. Retrieved from http://www.falseclaimsact.com Ruhnka, J. C., Gac, E. J., Boerstler, H. (2000). Qui tam claims: Threat to voluntary compliance programs in health care org anizations. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 25(2), 283-308. Showalter, J. S. (2012). The law of healthcare administration (6th ed.). Chicago: Health Administration Press. Stanton, T. H. (2001). Fraud-and-abuse enforcement in Medicare: Finding middle ground. Health Affairs, 20(4), 28-42.

Health or Wealth :: essays papers

Health or Wealth Market forces, in my belief, have always shaped the relationship between humans and their environment, and I have found it a daunting task to consider the history of such a long and complicated relationship. In all truth, market forces can be considered as anything that drives our means of consumption and our economy as a whole, and from this point of view, they can be seen as existing in some way since the dawn of time. So, instead of starting at the beginning, I will instead focus on the relationship between humans and nature from the start of what I see as the beginning of the end. The capitalist economy’s history, when viewed in light of mans entire existence, has been rather short and in that span of time, it has managed to catapult much of the world into a very new and destructive relationship with the Earths natural resources. While the changes that capitalism has brought about have been slow to evolve, it is a system that has deeply altered much more than the marketplace and which has forever changed the world. In this paper, I intend to demonstrate how the core concepts of the capitalist economy have lead the world into ecological disaster. There are many structures on which capitalism is built and a few of the most core principles are the ones that are most destructive. The tenets of individualism, efficiency, profit maximization and consumerism can be found at the heart of many of the most damaging practices of today’s world. Since they are main pillars of the capitalist marketplace, they are very pervasive and have become widespread, standard practices and ways of thinking. Individualism it is a new development in our social structure and one that has left a very deep impression. While capitalism did not spring up overnight, the period of it’s development is not relevant to this analysis, so I shall consider capitalism from some hypothetical starting point. Up until this starting point, the community was the central unit of sociological structure. Families and communities were tightly knit and gave support to one another. This type of lifestyle provided an accurate sense about how one person’s actions affect everything around them and the relationship that humans had with their environment reflected this awareness.

Educational Psychologists Essay

Lawrence Kohlberg’s view on Moral Development and Education has widened the view in the study of educational psychology. His theory provided new inputs in understanding the manner that individuals acquire information and learn. By defining these process through three important stages namely pre conventional level, conventional level, and post conventional level (UC Berkeley, 2008). It is through this that he ascertains how individuals gain moral maturity and the capacity to respond to others and develop relationships. Assessing Kohlberg’s contribution to educational psychology, he tried to critique the traditional system of teaching especially in shaping and honing moral values. Rather than shaping students, it only forces them to achieve a specific values mandated or dictated by the educator or the curriculum. It is in here that he tries to promote the concept of moral education. The particular process involves immersing students towards effectively utilizing moral discipline so as to help students react effectively based on their current reasoning (UC Berkeley, 2008). In essence, Kohlberg’s contribution revolves around his out-of-the-box approach in dealing with educational methods. Rather than being strict with these policies, he reinvented the process of moral reasoning and acquisition of values by collaborating new means to create collective norms. Given this process, students then become more reactive in dealing with the manner students react to specific moral issues responsibly. Seeing this, the work of Kohlberg is an expansion on the view of Piaget’s and often critiqued to be mainly an extension of what Piaget provides. However, Kohlberg tries to step away from this by trying to define and argue that the central element of moral development is a concrete facet different from what Piaget points out. At the same time, he tries to showcase his perspective on how collective and responsive the acquisition of morality must be. It must not only come from one source but rather through a collective undertaking. References UC Berkeley (2008) Moral Development and Moral Education: An Overview. Retrieved from http://tigger. uic. edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/overview. html#kohlberg

Integreted Marketing Communication in Cadbury

What is Integrated Marketing Communications  (IMC)? Integrated Marketing Communications  (IMC) is an approach to brand communications where the different modes work together to create a seamless experience for the customer and are presented with a similar tone and style that reinforces the brand’s core message. Its goal is to make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations direct marketing, online communications and social media work together as a unified force, rather than permitting each to work in isolation, which maximizes their cost effectiveness.Integrated marketing communications (IMC) is an approach to brand communications where the different modes work together to create a seamless experience for the customer and are presented with a similar tone and style that reinforces the brand’s core message. Its goal is to make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relatio ns direct marketing, online communications and social media work together as a unified force, rather than permitting each to work in isolation, which maximizes their cost effectiveness.IMC is becoming more significant in marketing practice because of the reduced cost effectiveness of mass media and media fragmentation. As consumers spend more time online and on mobile devices all exposures of the brand need to tie together so they are more likely to be remembered. Increasingly the strategies of brands cannot be understood by looking solely at their advertising. Instead they can be understood by seeing how all aspects of their communications ecosystem work together and in particular how communications are personalized for each customer and react in real time, as in a conversation.Brand strategies and their tactics can be viewed on the  Integrated Brands  site. Cadbury Profile:- About Cadbury’s Dairy Milk: Long ago in 1866 the Cadbury brothers were busy pioneeringtheir  d rinking  chocolate  recipe. However,  they  wanted  to  givetheir chocolate fans more. 30 years went by with the brothers dreaming up new ideas and then inspiration struck. What would happen if you put fresh milk into chocolate? That’s why since1905, Cadbury Dairy Milk still contains a glass and a half of fresh milk in every half pound  of milk chocolate.Cadbury  Dairy  Milk  is  full  of  beans, Cocoa beans to  be  precise. And all from one place: Ghana. They believe that Ghanaian beans are  so  delicious  that  we’re  happy  to  pay  premium  prices  for them. They think it’s worth it to give us that unique Cadbury Dairy Milk taste that we all love so much. Everyone  knows  the not  so  secret  ingredient  of  how Cadbury Dairy Milk is made so creamy. However, not many people knowhow dairy milk chocolate is made so chocolatey. It’s all thanks to the beautiful tropical country of Ghana in We st Africa that helps make our Cadbury Dairy Milk taste  so special.The Cadbury’s dairy milk contains a whole glass and a half goes into every single half pound of chocolate. That’s why it tastes so delicious and that’s why is named  as Cadbury’s dairy milk. Cadbury Dairy Milk, produced in Bournville UK, uses fresh liquidmilk sourced from dedicated dairy farmers in the UK. CadburyDairy Milk is also produced in Ireland and uses fresh, liquid Irishmilk to create the unique  chocolate taste. INTRODUCTION Cadbury is a leading global confectionery company with an outstanding portfolio of chocolate, gum and candy brands.They employ around 50,000 people and have direct operations in over  60 countries, selling their products in almost every country around the world. In India, Cadbury began its operations in  1948 by importing chocolates. After 60 years of  existence, it today has five  company-owned manufacturing facilities at  Thane, Induri (Pune ) and  Malanpur (Gwalior),Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales  offices (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkota and Chennai). The corporate office is in Mumbai. their core purpose â€Å"creating brands people love† captures the  spirit of what they are  trying to achieve as a  business. hey collaborate and work as teams to convert  products into brands. Simply put, they spread happiness! Currently Cadbury India operates in  four categories viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food  Drinks, Candy and Gum category. In  the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has  maintained its undisputed leadership over the years. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk  ,  5 Star  ,  Perk  ,Eclairs and Celebrations. Cadbury enjoys a value market share of over 70% – the highest Cadbury brand share in the world!Our  flagship brand Cadbury Dairy Milk is considered the â€Å"gold standard† for  chocolates in India. The pure taste of  C DM defines the chocolate taste for the  Indian consumer. In the Milk Food drinks segment their main product is  Bournvita  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the leading Malted Food Drink (MFD)in the country. Similarly in the medicated candy category Halls is the undisputed leader. they recently entered the gums category with the launch of  our worldwide dominant bubble gum brand Bubbaloo. Bubbaloo is sold in  25 countries worldwide. Since 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa  cultivation in India.For over two decades, they have worked with the Kerala Agriculture University to undertake cocoa research and released clones, hybrids that improve the cocoa yield. Their Cocoa  team visits farmers and advises them on the cultivation aspects from planting to harvesting. They also conduct farmers meetings & seminars to educate them on Cocoa cultivation aspects. their efforts have increased cocoa  productivity and touched the lives of thousands of farmers. Hardly surprising then th at the Cocoa tree is  called the Cadbury tree! Today, they  are poised in  their leap towards quantum growth.Cadbury is world's leading Confectionery Company. HISTORY:- 1948  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Company was incorporated on 19th July, as a private  limited company under the name of Cadbury-Fry (India) Private Limited and commence business soon thereafter. Manufacturing facilities were setup gradually. 1964  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Company undertook at its own cost and responsibility the development of cocoa growing in the country. A specialist cocoa advisory service was created. A cocoa research centre was also created together with seeding nurseries and  distribution centers. – Through its subsidiary, Induri Farm Ltd. the Company had set up facilities near Pune to breed cattle that would give improved yield of milk at economic feeding costs. 1967  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Cadbury introduced the `Five Star and Gems' chocolates in 1967 and  1968 respectively. 1977  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The name of the C ompany was changed from Cadbury-Fry (India) Pvt. Ltd. , to Cadbury India Pvt. Ltd. ,on 7th  June. It was converted into A public limited company on 11th June. Our locations in India Registered Office| Cadbury India ltd. Cadbury House 19, B Desai Road Mumbai 400 026 Maharashtra India Tel: +91 22 4007 3100| Indicative map of India | | | | | | | PURPOSE AND VALUESObjective: Grow shareholder value†¦over the long term. Strategy: Create robust and sustainable regional positions in our core categories of confectionery and beverages through organic growth, acquisition and disposal. Process: They achieve this by Managing For Value. Managing for Value Process incorporates: †¢Setting stretched financial objectives. †¢Adopting Value Based Management for major strategic and operational decisions and business systems. †¢Creating an outstanding leadership capability within our management. †¢Sharpening our company culture to reflect accountability, Aggressiveness and adap tability. Aligning our management rewards structure with the interests of our Share owners across the country. MILESTONES OF CADBURY * The June 2003 issue of Business Today identified Cadbury India as one of India's best-managed companies in 2003. * Cadbury India was identified as one of India’s Best Managed Companies in2003. * India’s Finance Minister, Mr Jaswant Singh at Business Today’s Best Managed Companies Awards ceremony, felicitated Mr Bharat Puri, Managing Director of Cadbury India. * It was the only Multinational Company featured in the list of Best * Managed companies in India.Components of IMC Related to Cadbury:- # Advertising Advertising  or  advertizing  is a form of  communication  used to encourage or  persuade  an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group of people) to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, a lthough political and ideological advertising is also common. The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful.Advertising messages are usually paid for by  sponsors  and viewed via various  traditional media; including  mass media  such as  newspaper,  magazines,  television commercial,  radio advertisement,  outdoor advertising  or  direct mail; or  new media  such as  blogs,  websites  or  text messages. Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased  consumption  of their  products  or  services  through â€Å"branding,† which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate certain qualities with the brand in the minds of  consumers.Non-commercial  advertisers who spend money to advertise items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmenta l agencies. Nonprofit organizations  may rely on free modes of  persuasion, such as a public service announcement  (PSA). Advertising by Cadbury:- Cadbury India has unveiled a new campaign that continues with the brand's ‘Kucch Meetha Ho Jaye' positioning. Created by Ogilvy & Mather, the campaign revolves around the theme of ‘Pay Day', which is associated with happiness by most people.Commenting about Cadbury's latest communication, Sanjay Purohit, director – marketing, Cadbury India said, â€Å"This new campaign takes the concept of celebrations to yet another level. With the Pappu and Miss Palampur campaigns, Cadbury Dairy Milk created a space for itself during the big, community celebration moments. This new commercial keeps the core promise of happiness while introducing another ‘moment of joy' in one’s life. Also, the new TVC highlights the celebratory occasion of pay day, which is an important event in the life of every middle-class India n. Said Abhijit Avasthi, executive creative director, Ogilvy & Mather (India & South Asia), â€Å"We were looking to come up with another interesting, unique meetha moment. We realised that while celebrations have been done for various occasions, the celebration for ‘pay day’ was not done. Pay day emotes feelings that are naturally celebratory in nature. Pay day makes you feel as rich as a king or as rich as a crorepati. THE MAIN ADVERTISING CAMPAIN FOR CADBURY INDIA:- KUCH MEETHA HO JAYE (2004)The biggest challenge for Cadbury to reinstate faith of  the biggest challenge for Cadbury to reinstate faith of  consumers after the worm controversy. Post controversy, approached Amitabh Bachchan to calm the Post controversy, approached Amitabh Bachchan to calm thenerves.. nerves.. Hence the Kuch meetha ho jaaye campaign was introduced. Hence the Kuch meetha ho jaaye campaign was introduced. Projected chocolates as a substitute to mithai  (sweets) and Projected chocolate s as a substitute to mithai  (sweets) and cheered people to have chocolate on every joyous occasion. cheered people to have chocolate on every joyous occasion.MISS  PALAMPUR  (2006) Miss  Palampur clearly targeted at hinterland (INTERIOR OF clearly targeted at hinterland (INTERIOR OFINDIA) Focused on Adults and values, like  SACRED COW Focused on Adults and values, like  SACRED COW Campaigns aimed at rural India did fare well Campaigns aimed at rural India did fare well The share of Cadbury increased by more than 20% in rural India. The share of Cadbury increased by more than 20% in rural India. The brand further strengthened its positions with the core audience. The brand further strengthened its positions with the core audience.AAJ PEHLI TARIKH HAI (2009) Pehli taarikh hai campaign is on the working class of  the campaign is on the working class of the ? country?. Pehli taarikh hai campaign highlighted the celebratory campaign highlighted the celebratory occasion of payday, which is an important event in the life of  occasion of payday, which is an important event in the life of  every middle class Indian. Is a clever occasion–based association which allows for the based association which allows for the brand to be recalled in the right context, every month, ? brand to be recalled in the right context, every month.SHUBH AARAMBH (2010) Core target group, consumers in the age group of 15 Core target group, consumers in the age group of 15–35 years 35 years Specifically, there is a shift from the notion of celebrating Specifically, there is a shift from the notion of celebrating happy occasions with chocolate to the happy occasions with chocolate to the concept of anticipating the occurrence of something good  after consuming , a substitute for mithai the campaign is aimed at consumers across sectors, and is supposed to have a balanced appeal across all tiers. # Direct MarketingDirect marketing is just what it sounds like †“ directly reaching a market (customers and potential customers) on a personal (phone calls, private mailings) basis, or mass-media basis (infomercials, magazine ads, etc. ). Direct marketing is often distinguished by aggressive tactics that attempt to reach new customers usually by means of unsolicited direct communications. But it can also reach out to existing or past customers. A key factor in direct marketing is a â€Å"call to action. † That is, direct marketing campaigns should offer an incentive or enticing message to get consumers to respond (act).Direct marketing involves the business attempting to locate, contact, offer, and make incentive-based information available to consumers. # Personal Selling Personal selling is a promotional method in which one party (e. g. , salesperson) uses skills and techniques for building personal relationships with another party (e. g. , those involved in a purchase decision) that results in both parties obtaining value. In most ca ses the â€Å"value† for the salesperson is realized through the financial rewards of the sale while the customer’s â€Å"value† is realized from the benefits btained by consuming the product. However, getting a customer to purchase a product is not always the objective of personal selling. For instance, selling may be used for the purpose of simply delivering information. Because selling involves personal contact, this promotional method often occurs through face-to-face meetings or via a telephone conversation, though newer technologies allow contact to take place over the Internet including using video conferencing or text messaging (e. g. , online chat). Dairy Milk:-Most fantastic and commonly used concept of personal selling is done when they had introduced Dairy Milk silk as their premium product. They actually kept written message explaining their product silk. They also kept an idea of feed back through mails and toll – free – number â€⠀œ 1800 22 7080. Interactive Marketing Interactive marketing is a one to one marketing process that reacts and changes based on the actions of individual customers and prospects. This ability to react to the actions of customers and prospects means that trigger based marketing is dramatically more effective than normal direct marketing.Interactive marketing is called many things. You may have heard it called event based marketing or event driven marketing or even trigger based marketing but it is all the same idea: reacting to what the customer is doing and driving up marketing effectiveness. Dairy Milk’s Interactive marketing – 1. Social Networking Site One of the easiest way to get connected in today’s 21st century is leading networking sites i. e. Face book and as all other brand even Cadbury has its face book page specially Indian fans is http://www. facebook. com/cadburydairymilkindia 2.Banners and hoardings In key supermarkets, Cadbury will sample its rang e of Cadbury Dairy Milk Fairtrade products during the Fortnight’s first weekend. Online activity will include banners on supermarkets’ websites and there will also be a campaign blog, with regular posts from Ghana updating consumers on progress. Marketing materials show the benefits to the community by way of three characters â€Å"wearing† a school, community centre and hospital. For such type of direct marketing they will always choose a prime location where its always an eye catching phenomenon location.Recently Cadbury had placed almost more than 12 hoardings in western express highway on account of rakshabandhan to promote its chocolate in terms of Indian sweets. For Creating such an advertisement Cadbury India asked national public to send their brother – sister pictures to their registered mail ID or need to fill some forms where they can actually send their feelings / message for their siblings. This act was a perfect direct marketing tool to attr act the crowd using emotional intelligence.This not only created an environment for festival encouragement but an soft corner for the brand Cadbury chocolates as its personal brand of chocolates. 3. INTERNET MEDIA Launched its website www. cadburyindia. com Interactive site www. meethamoments . com, making cards etc Community on social networking sites . Community on social networking sites. Advertisements on different web sites. # Sales & Promotions:- Sales promotion offers a direct inducement to act by providing extra worth over and above what is built into the product at its normal price.These temporary inducements are offered usually at a time and place where the  buying decision  is made. Not only are  sales promotions  very common in the current competitive market conditions, they are increasing at a fast pace. These promotions are direct inducements. In spite of the directness,  sales promotions  are fairly complicated and a rich tool of marketing with innumerable creative possibilities limited only by the imagination of promotion planners. Sales promotion is often referred to by the names of ‘extra purchase value’ and ‘below-the-line selling’.Today we  find companies  in almost all sectors offering some sort of a promotion scheme. These sectors range from automobiles to beverages, from financial services to foods, from household durables to services, from  household products  to  business products, from personal care to textiles and apparel. Dairy Milk initiative for Sales Promotion:- Quantity deal Cadbury offer discounted schemes under customer  oriented sales promotion strategy to increase the sales of product like it offers 250 g pack of  chocolate at the cost of 200g pack and offer 50g chocolate at the cost of 50gextra to their  customer.Consumer contest Cadbury also organized many contest to get attraction and to increase the interaction with the  customer. Interaction with the  customer ww w. meethamoments. com includes  many  competitions  for  for  consumer  like†¦ Consumer Story writing, Painting competition  etc. Point of sales material Point of sales material * Mini Cooler: Mini Cooler serves the need for cooling Chocolates for its reduced perish ability while  still maintaining cooling while  still maintaining the visibility of the product. Visibility of the product. * JarsThese are provided to small outlets, where they are prominently outlets, where they are prominently displayed. * Events in Mall & Festival times Most common Sales promotion now-a-days is they keep their live stall in malls during weekends and conducting some games where the winner would get a Cadbury dairy milk hamper or some Gift vouchers from Cadbury. # Public Relations:- Every organization, no matter how large or small, ultimately depends on its reputation for survival and success. Customers, suppliers, employees, investors, journalists and regulators can have a power ful impact.They all have an opinion about the organizations they come into contact with – whether good or bad, right or wrong. These perceptions will drive their decisions about whether they want to work with, shop with and support these organizations. In today's competitive market, reputation can be a company's biggest asset – the thing that makes you stand out from the crowd and gives you a competitive edge. Effective PR can help manage reputation by communicating and building good relationships with all organisation stakeholders. Public relations is about reputation – the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you.Public relations is the discipline which looks after reputation, with the aim of earning understanding and support and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. One of the example case study for Cadbury Chocolate is as follow:- EFFECTS OF THE CONTROVERSY ON CADBURY The state Food and Drug Administration has ordered seizure of Cadbury's Dairy Milk chocolates from all over Maharashtra after worms were found in two of them in Mumbai.Cadbury India, whose chocolates had ridden into controversy late last year during the festival season because worms were discovered in some stocks of its Dairy Milk chocolates is probably hoping the association with Bachchan will help consumers forget the bad press the company got on account of the discovery. The Food and Drug Administration had then seized the company's stocks and the Cadbury India management had explained it was bad storage practices by retailers and distributors that had led to the worms. Cadbury India's sales fell following the discovery.And even the government got in to the act with the central health ministry asking for a report on the  controversy. The timing of the controversy couldn't have been worse. Festival season sal es (Cadbury sells almost 1,000 tonnes of chocolates during Diwali) plummeted 30 per cent. Until then, in the country's FMCG sector plagued by slow,  low single digit top line and bottom line growth, Cadbury was a sweet exception. But its net profit in 2003 dipped 37 per cent to Rs 45. 6 crore (Rs 456 million) as compared to a 21 per cent increase the previous year. ROLE OF THE PUBLIC RELATIONSPR concerns the total communications of your total organization/group of organizations. It is unlike advertising, where you are sharing skills of planning, creative and media buying teams with an out-sourced agency. PR calls for a very intimate understanding of the total inner workings of your organization at all levels – workers to Board levels. It requires the integration of knowledge and communications. It is not a part time job for a Marketing Services Manager. If it is to work and serve the larger objective, the PR department should be independent, servicing others like production , personnel, marketing, finance, corporate agendas.Therefore, the PR Head should be part of the top management team- reporting directly to the CEO. He also needs to share everyone's confidences. The PR department of Cadbury’s played a very effective role in managing the reputation and keeping up the goodwill of the company. After being struck with the Worm Controversy it was not possible to create a very good impact on consumers who trusted the company the most. But through the efforts and a good PR team Cadbury’s managed to wriggle its self out of the controversy with a clean chit.STEPS TAKEN TO SOLVE THE CONTROVERSY †¢NOT DENYING THE FACT It helped that the Maharashtra Food and Drug Administration had given a clean chit to the company's two plants in the state. Cadbury went into overdrive to tell consumers that improper storage of what is essentially a perishable commodity might lead to worm infestation. Last November Bharat Puri, Cadbury's mild-mannered MD, wen t to media offices around the country meeting reporters, answering mostly hostile queries and patiently explaining the company's stand on the issue. Unlike the cola companies which were caught in a controversy just a month earlier and displayed an ostrich-like attitude, Cadbury did not go into denial mode. It accepted that there was a problem, which may not have been of its own making, and made a commitment to the consumer that it would plug all possible safety loopholes,† says a Mumbai-based brand consultant. As a result Cadbury improved the packaging and paid more attention to the way its chocolates were stored by nearly 650,000 retailers across the country. †¢GAINING BACK TRUSTThe Big B promoted the Big C in the chocolate business – Cadbury in India. Indian cine superstar Amitabh Bachchan has signed on to become the brand ambassador of the chocolate major for two years. AB played a pivotal role in all communication relating to Cadbury's products and brands, be i t in print, on television or the great outdoors, the company's managing director Bharat Puri has been quoted as saying in media reports. With the help of its Public Relations Dept. and advertising agency O;M, it created a campaign which aimed for both rational and emotional appeal.One of the ads showed Bachhan visiting a Cadbury plant, inspecting the systems and processes and finally consuming a bar of chocolate to be convinced that there's nothing wrong with the brand. The other ad featured Bachhan and his granddaughter to emphasize that the product was absolutely safe for children Sponsorship The brand has tied up with the popular TV show; Kaun BanegaCrorepati (KBC) 4and is the key sponsor for it. TCC tropic of cancer foundation and also for the most popular TV show FIR which comes on SAB TV. Product Publicity The following re the types of publicity they used to promote their product:-Tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service. CDM has tied up with BSNL's Missed Call Alert scheme. The brand plans to tie up with marriage and job portals. Tie up with Indian Railways for branding on tickets. Conclusion The Cadbury dairy Milk company successfully  re-establishes the  brand in  different  classes Important and ongoing  campaign after  the 2004 worm controversy which almost affected the sales and the good will of the company. Many variations in this campaign helped in targeting the different socio economic class of people and also the emotional value of people by making and soft heart feeling for the brand.Cadbury Dairy Milk very effectively used the various tools of IMC and the Kuch meetha ho jaye campaign also went  on to  win Silver  for   The Best Integrated Marketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006 (global benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards. Bibliography:- * http://www. facebook. com/cadburydairymilkindia * www. cadburyindia. com * www. meethamoments . com * www. scribid. com * www. wikipedia. com * www. timesofindia. com